CNC sib tsoo tshuab yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej hauv kev tsim khoom niaj hnub. Nws cov qauv integrates ib tug precision mechanical qauv, ib tug CNC system, ib tug tsav system, ib tug ntsuas thiab tawm tswv yim system, thiab auxiliary systems. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
1. Tshuab Lub Cev (Basic Structure)
Lub txaj:
Lub "skeleton" ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej, txhawb nqa tag nrho cov khoom.
Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj: High rigidity, siab stability, thiab zoo heev kev co damping (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cam khwb cia hlau los yog ntuj granite).
Internal reinforcement ribs feem ntau tsim thiab muaj hnub nyoog los tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
Lub rooj ua haujlwm:
Siv rau mounting thiab txhawb workpieces los yog fixtures.
Hom: Rectangular worktable (reciprocating linear motion), ncig worktable (rotary motion).
Tsav: Feem ntau tsav los ntawm servo lub cev muaj zog ntawm lub pob ntsia hlau lossis lub cev muaj zog, ua tiav qhov kev txav txav ntawm X / Y / Z axes.
Sib tsoo lub taub hau:
Core tivthaiv, mounting thiab tsav tsheb sib tsoo log rau siab -ceev rotary sib tsoo.
Xws li:
Sib tsoo log ntxaiv chav tsev: Ib qho ultra- siab- ntxaiv ntxaiv (hydrostatic, aerostatic, hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau muaj kev kub ceev, tsawg kawg kev vibration, siab rigidity, thiab thermal stability.
Sib tsoo log Mounting Flange: Siv los clamp lub sib tsoo log.
Ntsuas ntsuas: Ib qho kev ntsuas tsis siv neeg lossis phau ntawv dynamic ntsuas qhov system rau kev sib tsoo lub log tshem tawm kev vibration los ntawm kev sib hloov tsis sib xws.
Hnav khaub ncaws Interface: Siv rau mount lub pob zeb diamond roller lossis cwj mem - hom khaub ncaws.
Kev txav chaw: tuaj yeem txav raws X-axis (radial feed) thiab Z-axis (axis feed). Qee cov cuab yeej siv tshuab kuj tso cai rau lub taub hau sib tsoo lub taub hau tig ntawm B-axis ( qaij).
Headstock thiab Tailstock (feem ntau yog siv rau sab nraud cylindrical / universal sib tsoo tshuab):
Headstock: Mounts lub workpiece spindle (rotatable) thiab tsav lub workpiece (C-axis) rau kev sib hloov. Lub spindle tuaj yeem nruab nrog ib qho chaw lossis chuck. Niaj hnub nimno CNC taub hau feem ntau yog servo-tsav, tso cai rau kev tswj ceev ceev thiab angular txoj hauj lwm (indexing).
Tailstock: Muab kev txhawb nqa rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm lub workpiece (qhov chaw). Nws feem ntau txav raws lub txaj ntsia kom haum rau cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntev thiab nta adjustable clamping quab yuam.
Cov Lus Qhia thiab Slides:
Txhawb thiab coj cov khoom siv xws li lub rooj ua haujlwm thiab kev sib tsoo lub taub hau rau cov lus tsa suab meej.
Hom: Roller / pob qhia, hydrostatic guides, thiab roj hydrostatic guides.
Yuav tsum tau: High precision, siab rigidity, tsis muaj kev sib txhuam, tsis muaj creep, siab hnav tsis kam, thiab zoo vibration kuj.
Feed Mechanism:
Hloov cov lus tsa suab ntawm lub servo lub cev rau hauv cov lus tsa suab meej.
Core: Precision pob ntsia hlau (feem ntau) lossis linear motor (rau siab precision thiab siab teb daim ntawv thov).
Xws li: servo lub cev muaj zog, coupling / sij hawm siv, txhuas ntsia hlau, txiv ntseej vaj tse, txhawb nqa bearings, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tiv thaiv npog:
Tiv thaiv cov khoom txav mus los (cov hlau lead, kev taw qhia) los ntawm kev sib tsoo cov plua plav thiab cov dej txias.
Tiv thaiv kev txaws ntawm cov dej txias thiab sib tsoo cov khib nyiab, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
2. CNC System (CNC - "Lub hlwb")
CNC maub los:
Core computer, khiav CNC software.
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Cov kev pabcuam nkag / hloov kho / khaws cia, kev txiav txim siab, kev cuam tshuam (xws li axis motion trajectories), txoj haujlwm tswj kev ua haujlwm, kev tswj xyuas logic, thiab tib neeg- tshuab kev sib cuam tshuam.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Vaj Huam Sib Luag (Human-Machine Interface - HMI):
Xws li cov zaub (LCD / TFT) thiab cov khoom siv nkag (keyboard, handwheel, function buttons).
Siv rau tus neeg teb xov tooj qhov kev pab cuam input, parameter teeb, saib xyuas raws li txoj cai, thiab phau ntawv tshuab ua haujlwm.
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller):
Tuav lub tshuab ua ntu ntu tswj, kev tswj xyuas logic, thiab pab tswj kev ua haujlwm.
Tswj: Hydraulic chaw nres tsheb pib / nres, coolant twj pib / nres, lubrication system, workpiece clamping / unclamping, tiv thaiv qhov rooj qhib / kaw, taw qhia teeb, tswb, thiab lwm yam.
Kev sib raug zoo nrog CNC kom paub meej tias lub tshuab txav tau ua haujlwm nrog CNC program.
Software:
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Lub hauv paus platform ntawm CNC system.
CNC Kernel Software: Siv cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li kev cuam tshuam thiab tswj txoj haujlwm.
Sib tsoo-Specific Software: Muab kev ua haujlwm zoo rau kev sib tsoo, xws li:
Sib tsoo log hnav lub voj voog (tsis siv neeg them nyiaj, ntau txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws).
Tsis tu ncua linear ceev tswj (tseem muaj qhov nrawm nrawm ntawm qhov sib tsoo log).
Adaptive tswj (kho tus nqi pub hauv lub sijhawm raws li kev sib tsoo quab yuam, lub zog, thiab lwm yam).
Online ntsuas nyiaj them (sib xyaw nrog ntsuas ntsuas).
Complex contour sib tsoo programming (xws li crankshaft, camshaft, thiab cuab yeej sharpening).
Sib tsoo txheej txheem database.
3. Tsav System ("Muscle")
Servo Tsav:
Tau txais txoj hauj lwm / ceev / torque commands los ntawm CNC thiab tsav lub servo lub cev muaj zog.
Servo Tsav:
Feed Axis Tsav: Tsav lub rooj ua haujlwm (X / Y / Z axes) thiab lub log sib tsoo (X / Z axes). High precision, siab teb, thiab ntau yam ceev yuav tsum tau.
Spindle Tsav:
Sib tsoo Log Spindle Tsav: Tsav lub log sib tsoo ntawm kev kub ceev. Feem ntau, ib qho hluav taws xob ntxaiv (lub cev muaj zog thiab ntxaiv sib xyaw) yog siv, ncaj qha tsav, thiab ua tiav qhov nrawm nrawm (ntau txhiab tus RPM). Workpiece Spindle Tsav (C-Axis): Tsav workpiece tig (rau sab nraud cylindrical sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam). Yuav tsum tau ceev ceev thiab txoj hauj lwm tswj (indexing, synchronization).
Guide Wheel Tsav (Centerless Sib Tsoo): Tsav lub log qhia.
Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj: siab zog ceev, siab dynamic teb, tsis tshua muaj kev vibration, thiab tsis tshua muaj cua sov tsim.
Hydraulic / Pneumatic System (rau qee cov cuab yeej siv tshuab):
Muab lub zog rau kev pab cuam xws li tailstock quill extension thiab retraction, loj workpiece clamping, thiab ruaj khov so.
IV. Kev ntsuas thiab kev tawm tswv yim ("Qhov muag" thiab "Sensor Organs")
Position Detection Device:
Tiag -lub sij hawm nrhiav pom qhov tseeb ntawm txhua txoj kab axis (X/Y/Z) thiab rotary axis (B/C), muab kev tawm tswv yim rau CNC system rau kaw- voj tswj.
Cov Cheebtsam tseem ceeb: Linear Scale (rau linear axes, qhov tseeb tshaj plaws), Rotary Encoder (Motor Back-End/Leadscrew End, rau ib nrab- kaw voj lossis tag nrho kaw voj; Spindle Angular Position).
Yuav tsum muaj: Ultra-kev daws teeb meem siab, siab precision, siab ruaj khov, thiab cuam tshuam kev tiv thaiv.
Kev ntsuas Online (yeem tab sis tseem ceeb ntxiv):
Workpiece Measurement Device: Xws li kev sojntsuam tiv tauj (trigger/scanner) lossis tsis yog -contact probe (laser), ncaj qha ntsuas workpiece qhov ntev ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej, ua rau hauv - txheej txheem / ncej- txheej txheem them nyiaj.
Sib tsoo log ntsuas / ntsuas ntsuas: Laser txoj kab uas hla (saib xyuas sib tsoo log txoj kab uas hla hloov), acoustic emission sensor / AE ( saib xyuas kev sib tsoo, kev sib tsoo, thiab lub log tawg), kev saib xyuas lub zog (tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam kev sib tsoo quab yuam).
V. Auxiliary Systems
Coolant System:
Lub hom phiaj: Txias qhov chaw sib tsoo (tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab lub log sib tsoo), lubricates (txo kev sib txhuam), thiab tshem tawm cov khoom sib tsoo.
Cheebtsam: Coolant tank, twj tso kua mis, piping, nozzles, filtration system (daim ntawv/magnetic/vortex/centrifugal, thiab lwm yam.
Lubrication System:
Lub Hom Phiaj: Muab cov roj nplua nyeem txuas ntxiv mus rau cov khoom txav xws li cov kev taw qhia, cov ntsia hlau lead, thiab cov bearings, txo kev sib txhuam thiab hnav thiab ua kom qhov tseeb thiab lub neej.
Hom: Tsis siv neeg lub sij hawm thiab kom muaj nuj nqis lubrication (roj los yog roj).
Hydraulic System (yog tias xav tau):
Muab lub zog rau clamping, ntsuas, thiab hnyav txav qhov chaw.
Chip thiab Dust Tshem Tawm System:
Chip tshem tawm: Conveyor siv, kauv nti conveyors, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tshem tawm plua plav: Cov khoom siv plua plav pov tseg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev sib tsoo kom qhuav los yog kev sib tsoo) sau cov plua plav zoo los ntawm huab cua los tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab cov khoom raug.
Sib tsoo log Dressing System:
Lub hom phiaj: Restores kev sib tsoo log zoo li raug thiab sib tsoo kev ua tau zoo.
Cheebtsam: Hnav khaub ncaws (pob zeb diamond roller, ib zaug -point / multi-point pob zeb diamond cwjmem, pob zeb diamond disc), dresser mount, tsav lub cev muaj zog (yog tias xav tau), thiab ywj siab precision feed mechanism (feem ntau servo-tsav).
Cov txheej txheem hnav khaub ncaws feem ntau yog CNC program- tswj tau, ua kom txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws nyuaj.
Kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tiv thaiv System:
Mechanical Protection: Lub tshuab tiv thaiv, lub qhov rooj tiv thaiv (nrog kev sib cuam tshuam).
Hluav taws xob kev nyab xeeb: khawm nres thaum muaj xwm ceev, kev ruaj ntseg relay, lub teeb barrier / kev nyab xeeb qhov rooj hloov.
